连云港市主要工业污染物排放强度的区域差异分析

污染物排放强度反映了单位新创造经济价值的环境负荷大小。运用均方差赋权法对连云港市各县区的工业废水量、化学需氧量、氨氮、二氧化硫、烟尘、工业粉尘和工业固体废物等7种主要污染物排放强度的区域差异进行了评价;然后分别将各县区污染物排放强度的最小数值作为各地区污染物排放强度目标值,计算各县区的污染物排放强度降低潜力。结果表明,七种主要污染物排放强度综合评价的全市平均水平为1.30,市区污染物排放强度明显比县域的小;主要污染物排放强度减排潜力具有显著的区域间差异与区域内差异。最后从增加环境保护投资、改善能源使用结构、调整和优化产业结构和大力发展循环经济等方面提出了促进污染物排放强度降低的一些建议。     

5·12汶川地震后陇南山区典型滑坡调查分析

本文以甘肃省北峪河流域的三家地滑坡、红土坡滑坡、曾家街滑坡作为主要研究对象,通过对上述三个典型滑坡的野外实地测量,结合对当地民众的走访以及在当地政府部门获取的相关数据,归纳分析得出该地区滑坡灾害的主要诱发因素,及其给人们带来的影响。     

基于投入产出非线性模型的能源强度情景优化

节约资源在我国的"十一五"规划中已经上升到了基本国策的战略地位,降低能源强度是资源节约的一项具体体现。论文以行业最终需求为决策变量,以2010年能源强度最小为目标,构建了一个基于投入产出的能源强度非线性优化模型。在此基础上,设计了三方案九情景和一个强化节能情景,并采用遗传算法对模型进行求解。研究结论表明:如果不采取强化节能情景,能源强度的最优值区间为0.999 6~1.136 4 tce/104元,没有实现2010年能源强度降低20%的目标。如果实行强化节能,2010年能源强度可下降到0.943 9 tce/104元,相比2005年下降了21.75%,实现了"十一五"规划节能降耗20%的目标。     

不同火烧强度林火对大兴安岭北坡兴安落叶松林土壤化学性质的长期影响

大兴安岭地区是林火多发区,论文比较了未火烧兴安落叶松林与火烧20 a后兴安落叶松(轻度、中度、重度火烧兴安落叶松林)土壤pH值、土壤养分以及土壤养分比值之间的差异。研究结果表明:重度、中度、轻度火烧森林土壤的pH值为4.79、4.76、4.63,高于对照森林土壤的pH值(4.53);重度、中度、轻度火烧森林土壤的C含量(55.19、84.63、127.91 g.kg-1)、N含量(2.32、3.97、5.27 g.kg-1)、P含量(0.22、0.21、0.25g.kg-1)和K含量(31.97、32.56、34.65g.kg-1)都低于对照森林土壤(137.67、5.61、0.27、37.96g.kg-1);重度、中度、轻度火烧森林土壤的C/N值(23.68、21.54、24.27)也低于对照土壤(24.63);轻度火烧土壤的C、N含量与中度、重度火烧土壤的C、N含量差异明显。说明了火烧20 a后,其森林土壤与对照森林土壤之间仍然有差异。     

Multiple linear regression models of urban runo pollutant load and event mean concentration considering rainfall variables

Rainfall is an important factor in estimating the event mean concentration (EMC) which is used to quantify the washed-o pollutant concentrations from non-point sources (NPSs). Pollutant loads could also be calculated using rainfall, catchment area and runo coe cient. In this study, runo quantity and quality data gathered from a 28-month monitoring conducted on the road and parking lot sites in Korea were evaluated using multiple linear regression (MLR) to develop equations for estimating pollutant loads and EMCs as a function of rainfall variables. The results revealed that total event rainfall and average rainfall intensity are possible predictors of pollutant loads. Overall, the models are indicators of the high uncertainties of NPSs; perhaps estimation of EMCs and loads could be accurately obtained by means of water quality sampling or a long term monitoring is needed to gather more data that can be used for the development of estimation models.     

Environmental factors influencing the distribution of total and fecal coliform bacteria in six water storage reservoirs in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed and densely populated regions in China. Quantifying the amount of pathogens in the source of drinking water is important for improving water quality. We collected water samples from six major water storage reservoirs in the PRD region in both wet and dry seasons in 2006. Results showed that external environmental factors, such as precipitation, location, as well as the internal environmental factors, i.e., physicochemical properties of the water, were closely related with the distribution of coliforms. Seasonally, the coliform bacterial concentrations in wet season were one to two orders of magnitude greater than those in dry season. Spatially, coliform bacterial levels in reservoirs near urban and industrial areas were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in remote areas. Correlation analyses showed that the levels of coliforms had close relationships with pH, temperature, suspended solid, organic and inorganic nutrients in water. Principal components analysis further demonstrated that total coliforms in the reservoirs were closely related with water physicochemical properties, while fecal coliforms were more associated with external input brought in by seasonal runo .     

AutoCAD在噪声环境影响预测评价中的应用

研究声强等值线的分布情况,是声环境预测工作中的一个关键环节。应用AutoCAD开发技术,开发了一套适用于线屏障和封闭屏障影响条件下的一般系统进行模拟的绘图程序,实现了声强分布的图形表达过程。在计算多线屏障影响的过程中,采用了对数加权的近似处理,避免了复杂的求解过程;在等值线的绘制过程中,采用了"线段首尾连接"的方法来追踪等值点,简化了追踪过程。     

校园雨水资源化利用的效益分析及利用措施

学校人口密集,用水量大,缺水问题严重,利用雨水资源显得非常重要。在提出校园雨水资源化利用概念的基础上,对某一校园雨水资源化利用的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益做了分析。结果显示,校园雨水资源化利用效益显著,对实现区域水资源可持续利用起着非常重要的作用。同时,对中国校园雨水利用的有利条件以及利用的可行性做了分析研究,并基于此,提出了校园雨水资源化利用的途径和措施。旨在为校园雨水资源化利用的推广提供理论基础。     

用声强法对油田注水泵房设备声源声功率的测量分析

通过对注水泵房设备声源声功率的测量和分析,确定每个噪声源重要性的排队次序,并识别其主要频率成分,作为噪声优化控制的基础。     

地震烈度椭圆衰减的限定模型及其在华北地区的应用

采用在统计回归过程中加入限制条件的方法,建立一个地震烈度椭圆衰减的限定模型。该模型不但解决了地震烈度椭圆衰减的限头限尾问题,也考虑地震震级与有感半径的关系。利用华北地区48次地震、139条等震线资料,回归得到了华北地区的地震烈度衰减关系。最后将本模型得到的地震烈度衰减关系与华北地区其他烈度衰减关系进行了对比,认为本模型所得的烈度衰减关系在大震的远场更趋于合理。